1. Introduction Aretaeus of Cappadocia – as his name indicates – was born in Cappadocia around the 1st c. AD, perhaps around 120 AD.1 He espoused Hippocratic views on medicine and he was also influenced by the doctrines of the Pneumatici. He is cited by pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias2 as the author of a treatise on the prevention of diseases. 2. Works In his works he studied in particular the phenomenon of fever as well as surgery. However, only four of his books survive, which refer to the causes and the symptoms of acute and chronic diseases, and another four which describe their treatment (see the first titles of the list of works). In his writings, Aretaeus often makes extensive references to the . For each disease mentioned there is a detailed and systematic description of the organ where the disease resides, the etymology of the disease name, its symptomatology and the reasons for its existence. In addition, he does not fail to take into account the age and sex of the patients. Diseases such as asthma and diabetes are described in detail. 3. Activities – Therapeutic methods Besides nosology, Aretaeus appears to have been particularly concerned with the female anatomy and physiology as well as surgery. A relevant treatise has survived. The surgical operations he claims he had conducted himself include artery incisions and brain surgery. Nevertheless, he rarely recommends surgical procedures. The physician picked out the differences between the cerebral and spinal cord palsies.
His therapeutic method is characteristically Hippocratic and involves tips about nutrition and the use of medicinal plants. As he claims, "medicine lies in food, just as food lies in medicine".3 With regard to gout, he states that "the doctor should not keep silent out of fear of shame for the disease, nor should he draw a veil over it. Some patients are often not afraid of death and for this reason they do not trust doctors." Aretaeus was most likely not a superb physician. Despite this, he is considered a historical personality for the preservation and implementation of part of Archigenes’ doctrines. |