"External" music in Constantinople |
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Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries in Greek musical terminology the lay music of the Ottoman court or the secular art music which prevailed in the urban space of the Ottoman Empire was designated as the “external” music (exoteriki mousiki). As religion was one of the most crucial categories of belonging, the secular music was defined as opposed to the ecclesiastical music, which was conceptualized as “internal” music. |
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"Ioakeimeio" girls' school, Constantinople |
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"Marasleio" school, Constantinople |
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"Zappeio" girls' school, Constantinople |
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"Zografeio" lycaeum, Constantinople |
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Anabaptism (18th century) |
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Associations of the Greek Orthodox in Constantinople |
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The great developments in the collective activities of the Greeks in Constantinople from the middle of the 19th century until the 1920s were due to the favourable conditions created by the reforms introduced to the Ottoman Empire; such include the institution of egalitarianism for both Muslim and non-Muslim subjects, as well as the legal foundation of Greek-Orthodox communities. These associations embarked upon rich scientific, educational and recreational activities, while ideas, anxieties,... |
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Benefactorism of the Greek-Orthodox in Constantinople |
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Byzantine scholars and nobles in Constaninople after the Ottoman conquest |
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Levantiner in Konstantinopel |
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Der Terminus "Levantiner" wird erst in jüngster Zeit von der Forschung in einheitlicher Form verwendet worden. Im 19. Jhd. kristallisierte sich eine Verengung des Begriffs heraus, der nicht mehr alle nichtmuslimischen Bewohner ostmittelmeerischer Hafenstädte bezeichnet, sondern nur noch die überwiegend europäischstämmigen Katholiken des römischen Ritus. Die Genese der Levantiner erstreckt sich über mehrere Jahrhunderte und blieb bis zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts ein äußerst dynamischer Prozess. |
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